Antitrust Law Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Antitrust Law Case - Essay Example The antitrust laws are enforced by the public and private sectors. The United States department of justice antitrust division and the federal trade commission divide the responsibility for investigating and litigating cases under the Sherman act, and they also consider potentially anticompetitive merges under the Clayton act. In the private sector, any person that is injured in his business or property by a violation of antitrust laws is at liberty to bring an action in court. A prevailing plaintiff is entitled to recover treble damages, costs of suits and also attorney’s fee. The private parties are sanctioned to obtain injunctive help to prevent threatened damages or losses. Most antitrust lawsuits are mostly by private litigants in search of damages for breach of federal and state antitrust laws. The Sherman act is not explicit about the prohibited conduct. On the Other hand, the Clayton act is a bit particular about activities that may be illegal. However, only when such c onduct substantially lessens competition or leads to the creation of monopoly in any line of commerce neither of any that it is defined in the status. The selling gasoline for less than cost violates the act because, Section 1 of the Sherman act contracts, partnership or conspiracies in restraint of trade, prohibits every contract, combination, in the form of trust or otherwise or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states or with foreign nations. A restraint of trade can be defined as an agreement between two or more individuals or entities that affect the process of competition. On the other hand, under this approach also contracts for the purchase and sale of a single

High school students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

High school students - Essay Example It may be that they want nothing to do with the language that they have learned. The key is that having learned another language looks impressive on any CV because it will show potential employers that you can work outside of your comfort side. Additionally, high school students should be required to learn a foreign language because it will improve their grades on other subjects too. Learning another language requires much brain power, and this extra effort can help develop a work ethic that benefits other subjects as well. Finally, high school students can gain self-confidence by learning a foreign language. Mastering any foreign language requires hours of dedication, so finally being able to converse in it can give any student great confidence for them to take forward. The importance of learning a foreign language cannot be denied. What better way to start than by making high school students study at least one foreign language for at least two years? High school students should be made to learn another language because it can look good to potential employers, improve other school aspects, and make them feel like they have achieved something of

The business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The business law - Essay Example However, there are certain norms and formalities to be followed with respect to the grant of loan to CPI since as per law, the company and its principle shareholder are distinct entitites. Hence, in the eyes of law, the shareholder Luigi Gelata and the loaner Company, ICCI are two distinct entities. If the event of LG acting on a personal capacity with regard to matters that effect the company, it is necessary that he seek the permission of the Board of Directors and seek their consent in such matters, especially in the case of granting, or receiving loans, or other matters which affect the company as a whole. ICCI should authorize the grant of Shareholder Loan to CPI. Next, the Shareholder Loan Document has to be duly authenticated in a Board Meeting duly convened, minuted and signed by the Board of Directors of the lending Company, ICCI. Further, the Board of Directors should ratify Luigi Gelati's authority to disburse the loan. The terms governing the granting of loan should be clearly specified in the document, including the interest rates (if any), mode, term and value of repayment or amortization scheduling and whether the loan is repayable on demand or is for a specified period. The conditionalities to be imposed in the event of default of the loanee, that is, in the event of inability on the part of CPI to service the interest or principal amount should be clearly specified in the Shareholder Loan Document. It is advisable... judicious to have the loan document witnessed and notarized since this is an accepted practice used by Banks and Registry, should such a need arise for the loaner Company, ICCI, to utilize their services in future. (Shareholder Loan Agreements. 2008). In the second part the main facts that need to be considered are as follows: Issue 1: Whether ICCI could lay priority to claim goods over bank and employees Law: The unpaid seller has the highest priority to lay claim over the goods over other creditors in the event of goods being sold and delivered to the bankrupt debtor. However, the following conditions apply: Debtors must have be unable to pay for the full price of the goods bought. Next, the seller has claimed return of the goods within 30 days of delivery to the buyer, but this has not been done by the buyer. The debtor has been rendered bankrupt or a receiver has been appointed, as is evident in this case. Further, the goods are still in the same state, condition and possession of the buyer and finally, the goods are identifiable as belonging to the debtor. Application: It is seen that in this case the following aspects are applicable, except whether the claim for return had been served to MMRI (unclear) Issue 2: Could the Bank claim a security interest in the goods: Law: Order of priorities on bankruptcy: unpaid seller, PMSI secured creditor, other secured creditor, preferred creditors (including employees for up to 6 months wages (max. $2,000), other unsecured creditors. In this case bank could lay claim of being a secured creditor after the claim of ICCI, and to the extent of balance unpaid amounts, the bank would be treated as an unsecured creditor. Application: Since ICCI are 1st preferential creditors, it ranks over the secured and unsecured

Case study analysis for The Garden of Freshness (from logistics point

Analysis for The Garden of Freshness (from logistics point of view) - Case Study Example However, recent instances of customers complaining of stock-outs of specific fruits and vegetables and lack of fresh products have caught the attention of management and the owners of this family business. Garden of Freshness was established as a fruits, grocery, deli and bakery company with special attention on quality and availability of fresh products every time. Very soon the company opened up two more stores with 120 employees currently working for it. While the supplies department is looked after by Marc Pineault, the administration is in the hands of his brother- Sylvain Pineault. There are managers for each store who directly report to the supervisor and every store has two kinds of employees- production employees for logistics functions of loading and unloading the trucks and frontline employees to assist and advice the customers. Currently, Marc Pineault is facing serious nightmares on the issue of shortage of perishable products every afternoon and also the quality proposition which is their unique selling proposition. Most of the vegetables and other products do not remain fresh after the second partial delivery is made to the stores, thereby leaving the customers dissatisfied. Going through the facts of the case reveal the following issues and challenges: Superficially, the issues faced by Marc Pineault seem of operational level but an in-depth analysis of the entire scenario reveals some major strategic loopholes. Shortcomings in the strategic and operational planning of Garden of Freshness are: Strategically, the business has expanded but arrangements to sustain the growth have not been accounted for. The selection of suppliers is the biggest loophole which is damaging the logistics of the business. Every evening the purchasers visit the Central market and every single supplier to assess the price and quality. This is in fact very time consuming and

Research crique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research crique - Essay Example The authors used a specific model so that they could gain a concrete idea of what teams looked like and how they were executed in the hospitals. Problem Statement Clinical and Research Problem Nursing teamwork has become increasingly important in hospitals because they are on the first line of assistance to patients. The need for nurses working together was seen in many areas of the hospital. For example, the authors state that most studies were done with surgical and emergency room nurses, but research on teams has not been seen with acute care facilities. The authors felt that there needed to be a specific understanding of teamwork so that nurses would be encouraged to work together because teamwork is critical to patient safety. The authors point out that hospitals still are unsure of what teamwork in nursing should look like and how it should be executed. The authors state that, â€Å"Lack of clarity about the teamwork processes underlying nursing teamwork hinders the developmen t of targeted, effective quality enhancement and patient safety initiatives† (p. 298). If teamwork is understood and there is a model that can be used to help hospitals be more effective, patient care will be enhanced, according to this study. The gap in the knowledge is that the research before this study has concentrated on surgical and emergency teams for teamwork; this study fills the gap for study of acute care. Significance of the Study The significance of this study lies in patient care initiatives. Kalisch et al. (2009) state that nurses who work totally on their own are prone to make errors with patients. As an example, nurses who work 12.5-hour shifts are prone to make at least 5% of their regular shifts and nurses working 8-12 hours often make 2% errors on their shifts. They also state that 70% of sentinel events happen because of miscommunication between staff members. The authors substantiate the significance of the study by providing these statistics and the read er finds that this is a very important aspect of any hospital. It seems that teamwork strengthens patient care. Purpose and Research Questions The purpose of this study was to measure teamwork effectiveness through the use of focus groups and the Salas conceptual framework of teamwork. The used this framework because it offered a behavioral component that they felt hospital personal could understand. The researchers do not state a specific aim but this was the major thrust of their work. There were no specific questions asked, but it seemed that, What constitutes a team? Was the question they were attempting to answer. They actually asked this question and then provided different studies that described how other researchers defined teamwork. The research question was definitely related the problem because the authors are defining teams. I think that the qualitative method was appropriate to this study because teams begin with people understanding what a team is and whether it is eff ective or not. It would seem that this question would need to be answered by talking to people about their experiences. Literature Review The authors used qualitative and quantitative studies, books, and government reports (Joint Commission). The references that were used spanned between the years 1994 and 2009. Most of them were between 1994 and 2002. I would not think that this was accurate information since most of the references were older than five years. The

Community Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Community Communication - Essay Example He wondered such, because of the diffusion of cities created due to the stage of industrial revolution and unsettled west. Another scholar that set out to find the relation between community and communication was Gabriel Tarde in the 1980s. According to him, public opinion is a means of collective community which is controlled and arranged by the media (Katz, 1991). Furthering the previous thought, Bowes (1997) confirms that this relationship further gained strength in the 1920s and thus has now become indivisible. According to this study, for a collective action, communication between citizens and individuals is an important function for initiating a combined action, with the collective action being stimulated and expressed through the media. Of course, when it comes to finding the relation between these two variables, it is obvious to understand the definition of community. According to Hillary (1955), community can be explained in 94 ways. However, three essential components can b e found in the explanation of this variable. Beginning with a person involved in a specific community contact, the author mentioned geographic area as the second component with the common ties completing the collection. Bracht (1990) also revolves around the same concept of community. According to this study, a community can be explained as a cluster of individuals that share the same ethics, ideals and institutions. Further adding to the definitions, the author explained interpersonal relationships, culture and social groups as the interdependent basic components. Therefore, the above mentioned components work collectively towards a common good. This means that these components are a food for the community that are intellectual and conscious in nature and is thus a highly necessary requirement Dewey (1946). Bell and Newby (1971) added more to the definition and stated that communities have nowadays adopted a virtual nature. According to this study, the idea of a physical space has currently adopted a less physical approach of communication. Nonetheless, the relation between community and communication remains intact. Where traditionally the use of broadcast and print media was at its peak, the introduction of the computer based era and the enhancement of development and interactive media have positively worked towards eliminating the geographical constraints in communication. The virtual temperament of the media used two basic tools; the internet and direct broadcast satellites. Therefore, it becomes imperative to mention at this stage that after adopting the virtual mode, the communication media not simply aid the traditional community, rather it aids to the change in the entire definition of it (Bowes, 1997). According to Berrigan (May 1979), there is always the risk of importance in considering communication. That is, it is the author’s firm belief that although communication media is an effective tool in affecting the community, the role of the med ia is highly exaggerated. The study also stated that the media revolves around precedence in its importance. For the role of communication to be effective, it must be understood that it can never work alone. The media, in spite of its role in not the only factor that can bring changes to the community, the organizational, social and political structures also play a vital role that need to be identified. As the international communication association (May 2012) states; as our perceptions regarding the organizational, personal and social communities are undergoing massive changes, the boundaries and peripheries are becoming

The relationship between Frequency and phase- shift in Butterworth filters Essay Example for Free

The relationship between Frequency and phase- shift in Butterworth filters Essay The phase characteristic of Butterworth filters varies with the particular frequency in the passband and also with the ratio of cut-off frequency to sampling frequency. The cut off frequency occurs at the point where the phase shift is half its maximum value. The frequency of the Butterworth filters is often flat (they have no ripples). Therefore the Butterworth has a linear phase characteristic. The function of their magnitude has monotonic changes contrary to other filters which have non-monotonic ripples (Daryanani, 1976). The Butterworth filters have rolls off slowly and thus a particular specification of stopband needs higher order to be implemented. This is because the gain is high at higher frequency and lower at low frequency. Similarly the group delay increases with decrease in frequency. All filter options of the same order has the same phase shift. 2. How this relationship affect the waveform of a complex signal with multiple frequency components sent through it. The waveform of any complex signal that passes through a Butterworth filter shows no ripple although it rolls off at a slower rate around the cut off frequency. Lack of ripples in the Butterworth filter enables it to have a linear phase characteristic. Any signal passing through Butterworth filters experiences slight distortion but not as extensive as it occurs in Chebyshev filters and Elliptic filters. The phase of the signal is inverted in the case of multiple frequency components. The damping ratio of Butterworth filters is approximately 1. 1414 which produces a flat response (Thomas, 1971). Questions 1. The purpose of the LPF in the demodulator . and its bandwidth Low pass filter in the demodulator is meant to suppress the subcarrier frequencies which are contained in the FM stereo of the demodulation signal. In other words, it filters out carrier frequencies Thus the resulting magnetic distortion doesn’t affect the output signal. The bandwidth of the low pass filter is determined by the number of signal sampled that need to be filtered at a given speed (the sampling frequency). The LPF also helps in preventing deterioration in the sound quality (Graeme, 1971). 2. How to calculate the bit clock of the demodulator from the carrier frequency? The bit rate of the clock is a sub multiple of carrier frequency. This means that the bit clock frequency depends on the number of channels multiplied by the number of bits per channel ((Thomas, 1971). For instance if the CD audio has a carrier frequency of 44. 1Hz, with 32 bits per(2) stereo channel, then the bit clock frequency will be given by carrier frequency divide by the channels times the number of bits 44. 1/ (32/2) = 2. 8224 MHz Eye Diagram 1. Snapshot method allows multiplexing up to ten single nucleotide polymorphisms. It is primer extension based multiplex system. It compares every single incoming bit to the threshold voltage and judges whether it is a zero or one. Therefore, snapshot method can put exact decision on time and voltage of every signal. However, the eye diagram is used for high speed serial interfaces. Snapshot method is also used to measures the intuitive performance of the links (at instant time) whereas the eye diagram takes substantial time to give the link performance. It makes the correct decision on whether the incoming signal is one or zero. The eye diagram requires massive knowledge in algorithms to analyze and it takes quiet along time for acquisition. Snapshot method, on the other hand gives the performance at instant time and it is easy to analyze (Graeme, 1971). 2. The effects of differing forms of interference on the signal Interferences render the wireless systems completely unusable. The three major forms of interferences include the intermodulation, radio frequency interference, and electrical interference. The intermodulation interference occurs due to the merging of strong radio signals in a wireless network while electrical interference is caused by digital equipments and lighting system. The radio frequency interference is caused by communication equipment. It is essential to know which type of interference has occurred so as to avoid unnecessary and unproductive solutions (Daryanani, 1976). References: Daryanani, G. (. 1976). Principles of Active Network Synthesis and Design. J. Wiley Sons. Thomas, L. C. (1971). A Multipurpose Active Filtering System. † Newnes: Elsevier Graeme, J. et al. (1971). Operational Amplifiers Design and Applications. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1971.