The Effect of Divorce on Children Essay -- Papers Marriage Cause Kids

The Effect of Divorce on ChildrenDivorce, once uncommon in our society, is now becoming more and more frequent, disrupting our childrens state of well-being. Some children of divorce families have long-term behavior problems such as depression, low self-esteem, poor school performance, acting out, and difficulties with intimate relationships. Children with divorced or divorcing parents often have a sense of abandonment, because their parents become too preoccupied with their own psychological, social, and economic distress that they forget about their kids? needs (Lamb and Sternberg, 1997). In 1988, Professor Jeanne Dise-Lewis conducted a survey of 700 middle school students. The students were asked to rate certain events as to the stress they causes. The death of a parent or close family part was the only thing that outranked divorce (Zinsmeister, 1996). A divorce in the family creates a major life change for most children. Loss of contact with friends, schoolmates, neigh bors, teachers, and sometimes locomote to a new location may bring a lot of psychosocial stress upon the children, and that stress can be very harmful.Since the divorce boom started in the 1960?s, father-mother divorces have increased at an alarming rate. Today more than 1,000,000 kids experience a divorce in the family every year in the United States unsocial (U.S.A. Today, p. 8). As a result of the divorce, many children live in single-parent homes. This usually results in a drop in income for the family. Remarriage creates step families. Children often have a hard time adjusting to this new situation. Many of the remarriages end in divorce. As children see these marriages end, they may become more likely to accept divorce as they ente... ...e parents. Divorce is now the single largest cause of childhood depression. Marital disruption, quite clearly, can wound children for years (Zinsmeister, 1996). ReferencesDoob, Christopher Bates, Sociology, and Introduction, 5th ed. (Fort Worth Hartcourt Brace College Publishers, 1997), p 142. Driedger, Sharon Doyle. (1998) subsequently Divorce On-Line Available http//gw3.epnet. com/ehost.asp?key=xwBRPG6&site=ehostLamb, Michael E. and Sternberg, Kathleen J. (1997) The personal effects of Divorce and Custody Arrangements on Children?s Behavior, Development and Adjustment On-Line. Available http//gw3.epnet.com/ehost.asp?key=xwBRPG6&site=ehost?Minimizing the Effects of Divorce on Kids,? U.S.A. Today May 1996 8.Zinsmeister, Karl. (1996) Divorce?s Toll on Children On-Line Available http//gw3.epnet.com/ehost.asp?key=xwBRPG6&site=ehost

The Hebrew Scriptures Essay -- essays research papers

The Hebrew ScripturesTruth, scripture and revelation are three concepts that the Bible has been based on. Truth is delineate as the way that things are or should be. It can relate to reality or wisdom. Truth can be communicated in a variety of ways. literally which is facts and figures and can be shown in math and science. Figuratively which is metaphor and simile and can be shown in humanity. Symbolically in fine arts such as art, drama and music and also narratively such as stories, parables and myths. Truth can be known in the head and the heart because it communicates done reasonableness and intuition. Meanwhile, scripture is defined as being written and taken from script. Scripture is a way for religion to permanently preserve its worth of wisdom, ways of faith and to pass traditions on intact for future generations. Finally, revelation means to reveal. It refers to the initiative of paragon in communicating with humans. Truth, scripture and revelation are all think beca use they are all forms of communication that allow us to know Gods message. They allow us to see stories and events of how people lived with God in recital and set an example of how we should co-exist with God in our world today.The Hebrew scriptures play a vital role in the revelation of God. There have been many another(prenominal) events and stories in which God has expressed his message to people of the world. For example, there is the falsehood of Abraham. In the city of Sodom, the people living during those times were living in precise selfish and corrupt ways. God wanted them to renounce these sinful practices or else He would destroy their entire city. God ordered Abraham to find ten blameless people in order to save Sodom. In the end, Abraham failed so the city was destroyed by fire. This showed that God was serious about telling people that they call for to change. It gave them concrete proof that God would come through when He said that He demolish their city. Anoth er example of Gods relationship with Abraham is shown when He orders Abraham to sacrifice his only son, Isaac. God wanted to test Abrahams faith in Him and how loyal Abraham truly was. Abraham did end up taking his son to a mountain to sacrifice him but at the last minute God told Abraham to stop and sacrifice a lamb instead. This event showed that God would come through for Abraham in the end because Abrahams fa... ... rewards to those who have faith and believe in Him. We should hold true to our faith in God and believe that he exit come through for us even in difficult times. If we stand strong through the trials and tests that God chooses to lay upon us, He will exalt us. As well, the example of Moses is conformant to our world today because he shows that God does not condemn those who have sinned against Him. Instead, God chooses to forgive us and look beyond our mistakes. This shows that God still has respect and compassion for those who have made mistakes. Even if we have done wrongdoing, we can still be chosen to be in the Kingdom of God. Finally, the story of David explains that we can all be heroes in the eyes of God even if we are just ordinary people. As long as we believe in ourselves and have trust in God, we can still be successful. Status or strength does not matter in the point of view of God it is compassion and love that God looks for in each of us. We can lead normal lives but yet still be a king or a queen in the eyes of God. The Hebrew Scriptures will always have a lesson for us, no matter how much our world changes and these lessons are constantly applicable to our lives.

The Role of Ancient Gods Essay -- essays research papers fc

When we study ancient Greek and Roman literature, we realize that the world perception in those times, among people, was much contrasting from what it is now. It is especi completelyy translucent when we begin to analyze the habit of mythical and religious elements in ancient literature. According to the classical Christian theological theory, peoples need for accept in supernatural beings is caused by their worship of nature. This concept strikingly resembles the Marxist explanation - it also names fear as the main eventor.If one reads homing pigeons Iliad and Odyssey, and Virgils Aeneid, he gets to realize that the ancient concept of peoples interaction with Gods is totally deprived of fear in any form. In all three masterpieces, Gods be basically described as humans, with all their strengths and weaknesses, although being immortal. Humans often revere Gods, but not out of fear they simply respect their superiority. numerous historians suggest that one of the main antec edents, which enabled Greek and Roman civilizations to reach extraordinary heights in the fields of culture and science, is the fact of their religious liberalism.Let us to take a closer look at all three poems, so itll be easier for us to find plebeian religious motives in all of them. Homers Odyssey is one of the finest examples of ancient Greek literature. Along with Iliad it represents an ultimate expression of ancient spirit, which we still use as a standard time assessing the cultural legacy of our own Western civilization.Modern historians doubt whether the same author wrote these two epic masterpieces. The main reason for this is that Odyssey, stylistically and conceptually, is much different from Iliad. First one is a high tragedy, its storyline based on the events of Trojan War. The style of this poem is very formal and there is no function for petty human weaknesses. The action takes place at the time when city of Troy was being besieged by Achaeans. Achaean leader Ag amemnon takes Chrysies as his prize. She prays Apollo, who sends a plague on Achaeans. Achaean hero Achilles asks his mother sea-nymph Thetis to ask Zeus to punish Achaeans for being ignorant towards Achilles God of the silvern bow, thy ear incline,Whose power encircles Cilla the godlyWhose sacred eye thy Tenedos surveys,And gilds fair Chrysa with distinguished raysIf, fired to vengeance at thy priests request,Thy d... ...iter favors Aeneas. The God of Sea Neptune is also on the emplacement of Aeneas, whos able to safely reach the shores of Carthage, after storm dies down as a result of Neptunes involvement. Among other Roman Gods that interact with Aeneas, we burn name Mercury, Aeolus, Cupid, Allecto, Vulcan, Saturn and Minerva. The role of divine beings in all three poems can hardly be overestimated. What separates these poems from later Christian literature is the fact the Gods actively participate in peoples affairs and there is no judgment found on them Bibliography1.Home r. The Odyssey. Translated by Fitzgerald, R. Garden City, NY, Anchor/Doubleday, 19612.Homer. The Iliad. Translated by Lattimore, R. University of Chicago. 1951.3.Vergil. Aeneid. Translated by Williams. T. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910.The muster in1)P. 1, Short introduction of the topic.2)Pp. 1 2, Homers Iliad analysis.3)Pp. 2 3, Homers Odyssey analysis.4)Pp. 3 4, Virgils Aeneid analysis. The Role of Ancient Gods Essay -- essays research paper fc When we study ancient Greek and Roman literature, we realize that the world perception in those times, among people, was much different from what it is now. It is especially obvious when we begin to analyze the role of mythical and religious elements in ancient literature. According to the classical Christian theological theory, peoples need for believing in supernatural beings is caused by their fear of nature. This concept strikingly resembles the Marxist explanation - it also names fear as the main factor.If one reads Homers Iliad and Odyssey, and Virgils Aeneid, he gets to realize that the ancient concept of peoples interaction with Gods is totally deprived of fear in any form. In all three masterpieces, Gods are basically described as humans, with all their strengths and weaknesses, although being immortal. Humans often revere Gods, but not out of fear they simply respect their superiority. Many historians suggest that one of the main reasons, which enabled Greek and Roman civilizations to reach extraordinary heights in the fields of culture and science, is the fact of their religious liberalism.Let us to take a closer look at all three poems, so itll be easier for us to find common religious motives in all of them. Homers Odyssey is one of the finest examples of ancient Greek literature. Along with Iliad it represents an ultimate expression of ancient spirit, which we still use as a standard while assessing the cultural legacy of our own Western civilization.Modern historians doubt whe ther the same author wrote these two epic masterpieces. The main reason for this is that Odyssey, stylistically and conceptually, is much different from Iliad. First one is a high tragedy, its storyline based on the events of Trojan War. The style of this poem is very noble and there is no place for petty human weaknesses. The action takes place at the time when city of Troy was being besieged by Achaeans. Achaean leader Agamemnon takes Chrysies as his prize. She prays Apollo, who sends a plague on Achaeans. Achaean hero Achilles asks his mother sea-nymph Thetis to ask Zeus to punish Achaeans for being ignorant towards Achilles God of the silver bow, thy ear incline,Whose power encircles Cilla the divineWhose sacred eye thy Tenedos surveys,And gilds fair Chrysa with distinguished raysIf, fired to vengeance at thy priests request,Thy d... ...iter favors Aeneas. The God of Sea Neptune is also on the side of Aeneas, whos able to safely reach the shores of Carthage, after storm dies do wn as a result of Neptunes involvement. Among other Roman Gods that interact with Aeneas, we can name Mercury, Aeolus, Cupid, Allecto, Vulcan, Saturn and Minerva. The role of divine beings in all three poems can hardly be overestimated. What separates these poems from later Christian literature is the fact the Gods actively participate in peoples affairs and there is no judgment found on them Bibliography1.Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Fitzgerald, R. Garden City, NY, Anchor/Doubleday, 19612.Homer. The Iliad. Translated by Lattimore, R. University of Chicago. 1951.3.Vergil. Aeneid. Translated by Williams. T. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910.The Outline1)P. 1, Short introduction of the topic.2)Pp. 1 2, Homers Iliad analysis.3)Pp. 2 3, Homers Odyssey analysis.4)Pp. 3 4, Virgils Aeneid analysis.

Response to Trifles by Susan Glaspell Essay -- Plays Susan Glaspell Mu

Response to Trifles by Susan Glaspell The play Trifles by Susan Glaspell is type of murder mystery that takes place in the early 1900s. The play begins when the sheriff Mr. Peters and county lawyer Mr. Henderson come to attempt to piece together what had happen on the day that Mr. Wright was murder. While investigating the seen of the murder, they are accompanied by the Mr. Hale, Mrs. Hale and Mr. Peters. Mr. Hale had told that Mrs. Wright was playacting strange when he found her in the kitchen. After taking information from Mr. Hale, the men leave the women in the kitchen and go upstairs at seen of the murder. The men arrogatet realize the plot of the murder took place in the kitchen.The action begins when the men leave the women in the kitchen alone. This where Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters find break themselves find out who had kill Mr. Wright. For some unknown reason the women were acting like they were profession detectives, they were asking question and qualification conclu sion. They were discussing the way the kitchen was left are the murder. For example, when Mrs. Peters was looking by dint of the cupboard, she finds out that Mrs. Wright had bread set. Mrs. Hale concludes that Mrs. Wright was going to put the loaf of bread beside the breadbox. Another example is when Mrs. Peter notices that Mrs. Wright had been making a quit. They were asking question if Mrs. Wright making quilt or making a knot, like a professional detective. The men come back in the kitchen and overhear th...

Antigone Was Right Essay -- essays research papers

The story of Antigone deals with Antigones brother whos body has been left unburied because of crimes against the state. The heap of her brother being unburied drives Antigone to take action against the state and bury her brother regardless of the consequences. The concept of the Greek afterlife was far more strategic and sacred than living life itself. Everything they did while they were alive was to please the many gods they worshipped. They built temples for their Gods, made statues to symbolize their Gods, and had a different God to explain things that we at one time say are an act of mother nature. Antigone percieved her actions to be courageous and valid, and Kreone, the King, percieved them as blasphemous. The entire story focuses on deciding whos right. The question arises, "Did Antigone take square-toed action?" Was it right to go against her Uncle Kreons wishes and go ahead and bury her brother that was to be left out for the vultures? Would it have been better just to choke the situation how it was? The fact is, Antigone did the right thing. She was acting out of divine influence so to speak. Since divinity and generosity are shown to be colliding forces where divinity out weighs humanity in ancient Greece. Antigone was justified in her actions. Antigone was following divine laws, or walking with divine shoes, while Kreone followed the laws of the state. Her brothers afterlife was so chief(prenominal) to Antigone that she was willing to give up anything to ensure her b...

The French and English Revolutions :: European Europe History

The French and English transformationsTHE FRENCH REVOLUTION The French Revolution was effected and caused by numerous things and people. Some people that had to do with the French Revolution were, Louis XVI, and, Marie Antoinette. Marie played an active role in the Revolution but suffered for her monarchist sympathies. King Louis XVI also played an important role in the Revolution, seeing as how he was the king and all. When Louis XVI came to be King, he acquire a France in debt, and he was left with no choice but to raise taxes even though they were already high enough. This had made the people of France very(prenominal) angry. Paris had become furious and chose to make a big scene. This was also one of the causes of the French Revolution. Some believe that the MAIN reason for the Revolution was all based on, Louis, being too young and inexperienced to run an ENTIRE country by himself. He was solitary(prenominal) when he got married to Marie and he was only 20 when he officia lly became king of France. As the people of France grew more and more angry with Louis, it had started removing French Officials, such as, Tax collectors, and changing all of the kings ordained men to intendants. Pretty soon there were oaths and things for Louis to sign everywhere. Oaths such as the Tennis Court Oath, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, and the Constitution of 1791.Two do of the Revolution were, change the voting by head, giving the third estate an advantage because they had as many people as the first and second estates, and the decollate of King Louis XVI.This section has shown how the French Revolution was effected and caused by many things and people.THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION The English revolution was also effected by many people and things, just like the French Revolution. Some people having to do with the Revolution were King Charles II, and King James II. Charles and James both were kings of England for their own piece of land of time, influencing the country and its motives. After a short bit, Charles died unexpectedly from natural causes at the age of 55. Then James, brother of Charles, became King. This was a reason for the Revolution in virtually peoples eyes. The change of Charles to James was a stutter in the economy. It caused a major uproar, not against James, but just a lot of commotion and talk amongst the people.

Succubus Shadows Chapter 22

I wandered into the hotel, still a bit stunned by the military position I found myself in. band wasin Mexico. Presuming Jerome was holding true to his bargain, of course. I had to believe he was, precisely the question was if hed actu al angiotensin-converting enzymey move me near Seth. That was a wording in my request that could be blurred a small(a). Glancing up at the hotel, I hoped Jeromes minions had g single as far as to search local hotels for Seths name when they tracked the plane ticket. With a quick smile to the man whod helped me, I headed toward the hotels entrance.In a place that catered to so many tourists, plenty of the lag spoke English, non that it mattered a good deal to me. I went to the front desk, asking if they had a guest named Seth Mortensen. The woman working t present(predicate) looked it up, and when she found him in their computer, I caught my breath. He was here. Id really found him.Well, gentle of. When I asked her for his room number, she tol d me the hotel couldnt disclose that information. She could, however, connect me to his room. I hesitated before accepting. If Seth truly didnt destiny to be found, he might change his hotel or eventide city once he knew Id located him. Still, I didnt necessarily have any other way to drag in touch, so I let the woman connect me. It did no good. There was no answer.Thanking her, I headed out to the back of the resort, figuring Id walk dispatch my frustration and hopefully clear my thoughts as I determined my next course of action. The pool and b individually stretching out behind the building were hark back for guests altogether, but it was easy enough to slip past security. I even took the opportunity, when briefly al unmatched in a hall, to shape-shift into to a greater extent appropriate clo liaison a red bikini and sarong.Outside, the heat hit me once again, and I paused, letting the sun soak into me. The time zone wasnt far off from Seattles here, but even in early eveni ng, the temperature was intense which I distinguishd. Beyond the pool and its bars, I could see a stretch of soft golden sand curving or so blue, blue water. Still non as vivid as what Id grown up with, but beautiful nonetheless. Lounge c pigs and cabanas were scattered a foresighted the b all(prenominal) as sunseekers tried to grasp the last of the days rays.I walked toward it, hoping to find a chair of my own and perhaps a mai tai. If I wasnt deviation to find Seth compensate away, I might as well There he was.I came to an abrupt halt, nearly causing a young, giggling couple to walk into me and spill their drinks. I couldnt believe it. God might work in mysterious ways, but Hell worked in efficient ones.I murmured apologies to the couple and started toward Seth, stopping again after(prenominal) a hardly a(prenominal) more steps. What would I do? What would I say? Seth had broken an engagement and fled from every(prenominal)one he knew. Now, here I was, intruding on his escape. Id run through a few mental scenarios but hadnt decided on anything concrete. With a deep breath, I decided to erect push ahead and wing it.I came up behind his chair, my shadow falling oer him as I grew closer. He lay sprawled out in shorts and a Tootsie Pops T-shirt. A drink that looked suspiciously alcoholic sat by his side, and he was reading a book whose c all over I couldnt see from this angle. Once more, I halted, confused over how I matte up.The perfume, he said without warning. Even out here, I move smell it. Id k now you anywhere. Tuberose and incense.I walked around, coming to stand out off to his right side. I put my hands on my hips. You dont seem surprised to see me.He took off his sunglasses and studied me, one of those small, amuse smiles on his face. I amand Im not. I thought I did a good job of disappearing. But I knew if anyone did find me, it would be you.Because Im well affiliated?Because youre you.Searching for a clear spot of sand, I lowered mys elf to sit, but Seth scooted over on his lounge chair and indicated the space beside him. Hesitating only a moment, I sat next to where he lay, looking over him as our legs touched. He reached for his drink a peach-colored monstrosity with enough sliced production for a salad in it and took a sip.Whats that? I asked.They call it el Chupacabra.They do not.They do. I think its got about fifty kinds of vodka in it. Youd interchangeable it.Im surprised you the standardiseds of it.If youre personnel casualty to become a villain, you might as well go the whole way, he replied, gesturing for a waiter to bring another drink.Youre not a villain, I said softly.Yeah? Is that what theyre saying back home?I glanced away and watched small waves break on the shore. I havent really talked to that many people. generally your family is worried.Youve neatly dodged the question.Do you privation to talk about it? I turned back to him.He gave a small shrug. Whats there to say? I broke her heart. I broke your heart. I dont think someone akin me is meant to be in relationships.Thats ridiculous. Youre not the one who sucks peoples souls away.Dep eradicates how literally you take the metaphor.Seth, stop. Stop making a joke out of this. Whyd you do it?You have to ask? The new drink arrived remarkably fast, and he handed it to me. He was right. It did taste like it had fifty kinds of vodka. I didnt feel it. Not the way I should. You know that.I did, and I was surprised at the frank and honest nature of our conversation. We hadnt had anything like thiswell, not since we were dating. It had all been awkwardness and guarded feelings since things fell apart.But why now?It was his turn to look away, gazing off at the postcard view without seeing it. The sunlight hadnt quite a turned orange yet, but it was bringing out the copper in his hair and amber of his eyes. I stared at him, taking it all in, hardly noticing how long it took him to answer.Georgina, he said at last, eyes still e lsewhere. When I ended things with us at ChristmasI did it so I wouldnt hurt you someday. And, I suppose, so you didnt hurt me. I went to Maddie for the wrong reasons wherefore, but it didnt seem so bad since I truly cared about her I mean, aside from the fact you had to live with it in front of you every day. I never meant for that part to happen.Its okay, I said automatically, hating the sadness in his voice. I dont Shh, he said, holding up a hand. Ill actually talk for once, so you better let me before I lose the nerve.I smiled though none of this was all that funny and nodded.Anyway, I wish Id elect someone I didnt like or respect. It would have made things simpler. But as time went on, I found myself growing closer to her but not farther from you. My plan wasnt working. I was only hurting the two of us more and more. Maybe I should have disappeared then(prenominal).I bit my lip on any comments.The only one who wasnt hurting was Maddie because we were supportinging her in the dark. And after you and mewell, you know. After we were together, I felt so horribleso guiltyI hated myself for what Id done to her. I precious desperately for one person to come out of this happy. I indirect requested her to stay in blissful ignorance. I wanted to make it up to her.Id deduced as much. And I also knew about the guiltthe guilt from the sin that had left a stain on his soul. Seth didnt know about that part and probably shouldnt ever.But whatever happiness I could give her wasnt real, he continued. And I realized that the other day when we were at Eriks, and Ihell, Georgina. I dont really know what happened or even what I saw. There are only two things Im real about. One was that when Jerome came and said he needed me to come with him to help you, I did. If hed said he had to take me to Hell itself, I would have.I closed my eyes. Seth And when I was there and Erik sent me wherever he did, I feltwell, it was beyond anything Id experienced. At first, I was so confused and disoriented. I didnt get what they were saying about finding you. It seemed surreal. Then, it was the easiest thing in the world. I just looked for you, and there you were. In all that space and all that chaos, reaching you was like looking into myself. We were so closeit defied physics and every rule of nature I knew. It didnt seem real that I could be together with anyone like that.And when it was over, its like I said I wasnt sure what Id just been a part of. But I knew that I had never experienced any bond like that with any other woman. Maybe youre the only one, maybe theres anotherbut regardless, I didnt have it with Maddie. Shes amazing. I do love her. But in that situation again? I would never find her. And I knew it wasnt fair to lead her into a liveness without that connection. You and II dont understand whats between us, but Id rather spend my life alone than with someone who isnt you.He fell silent, and it was one of those weird times where I had no quick response. Instead, I linked my hand with his and stretched alongside him in the place hed made on the chair, resting my head on his chest. He placed his hand on my shoulder, his fingers pressing into my skin to make sure I stayed. His heart beat against my ear.Hows this going to end? I asked bleakly.Idont know, any more than I know how Cady and ONeill are going to end. He sighed. I have a feeling I leave behind be alone. In spite of everything thats changed between us, nothings actually changed.II dont know.Again, my clever words were gone, but he was right. A lifetime seemed to have passed since we had crack up, but all the same problems were still there. I might wax poetic about the universal connection of our souls, but it could never be matched physically, not so long as I refused him that. And mortality incessantly there was mortality beating overcome upon us. Seth wouldnt live forever, and that knowledge figuratively speech killed me.Which reminded me of something. I lif ted my head and propped myself onto him so that my hair hung around us as I looked down at his face. When are you coming home?He brushed some of the hair away, tucking it behind my ear. It came loose again. Who said Im coming home?Dont joke. You have to.Im not joking. Do you think I can go back there? I cant see Maddie. I cant stand to see what Ive done to her.You dont have to see her, I said. Dont go to the store. People break up all the time and dont have to move.Seth shook his head. Yeah, but with my luck, wed still run into each other. At a movie. A restaurant. Something. Im a coward, Georgina. I dont want to see hernot afterwell, you didnt see her face when I told her.I saw her face afterward, I said. It was probably close enough. I cant believe youre sternly saying youd never come back to Seattle just to avoid her.Shes not the only one Id be avoiding. Again, he tried to tuck the unruly hair back. When he failed again, he simply slid his hand down my arm, tracing its curves wi th his fingertips. I dont think I can handle seeing you either. Even being with you nowits like the best thing in the world and the worst. Seeing you all the time would just drive home how we cant be together and we would see each other all the time, you know. If Ive learned anything, its that fate doesnt let you and me stay apart for long.Seths words were such an odd contradiction. On one side, they were all filled with love and romantic sentiment about how agonizing his life was without me. Yetthere was more than just that. There was a defeatist attitude throughout it all, one Id never seen in him before. Somewhere in all of this, Seth had gained a new bitterness, and I had the uneasy thought that if I could see his soul like Hugh could, the stain of sin would be even darker than before. I made one more attempt.Pull me out of the equation. You have to go back for your family. They need you. Andreas sick.Everyone gets sick. Thats not a convincing argument.Noyou dont understand. Th ey didnt single out you. She doesnt have the flushes got cancer.That got a reaction. His expression went rigid. No, she doesnt.She does. Brandy told me.She must have been confused, he said adamantly. They would have told me.I dont think shed mistake cold for ovarian cancer. And do you think shed make something like that up?He considered a moment. No, no, she wouldnt. But why didnt they say anything?I guess they didnt tell anyone so they could find out more. Dont you see? I leaned closer, hoping to drive home my plea. They need you. You have to go home for them.For a moment, I thought I had him, and then he slowly shook his head. Theyll be fine without me. And you said yourself theyre waiting to find out more. It might not be that bad.Seth Its cancer. Its going to be some level of bad, regardless. How can you abandon them?Damn it, he said, about as angry as I ever saw him which always came off pretty mild. I dont need a moral angel on my shoulder right now. Just let mejust let me b e selfish for once. I want to just be away from it all. I want to hide from my problems for once, instead of always being the responsible one. If youre just here to torment me with what can or cant be, then you should justyou should just go. Let me hide out and be free. Let me write the new series and immobilize about everything else.It was almost a mirror of what Id done so long ago. Only, instead of trying to forget my problems, I made everyone forget me. Sometimes, I kind of wished I added that last part to the bargain. Consequently, I could understand where he was coming from. I could understand that longing to just make all the bad things disappear. Id wanted it too. Id made it happen. The thing was, Id expected more from him than from me. Sensing my hesitation, he cupped my face between his hands and force me down into a small kiss. I drew back and stared in astonishment.What was that? I asked.I might ultimately be trying to avoid you, but if Ive got you now, I might as well honor it for the moment. There was a wicked gleam in his eyes, one I couldnt help but smile at, despite all the misgivings within me.Youre a hypocrite, I said.An opportunist, he countered. What are you really doing here, Georgina? What do you want?I lowered my gaze. I didnt know. I didnt know why I was here. Id come to make sure he was okaybut then what? I was always going back and forth. I loved him. I had to forget him. Back and forth.I dont know, I admitted. Thats the best Ive got.And with no more deliberation, I kissed him again, longer this time, surprised at how easy it was to fall back into the kinds of kisses we used to do the ones that just pushed the envelope of when I started to take his energy. He seemed like he was ready to go further, so I was the one who stopped him and returned to lying against him as we watched the sun sink down and paint the sky with brilliant colors. He gave no protest, seeming content just to have me close.We ate dinner inside one of the resor ts restaurants, my lack of packing material not being a problem with shape-shifting. I pulled out a sexy v-cut evening dress whose violet shade reminded me of our first meeting. And as we talked and drank over dinner, our conversation slipped into the funny, comfortable manner wed always shared. With Maddie re move from the equation, it was exactly as hed said so much had changed yet not changed. The rapport, the connectionit all burned-out between us as did the sexual tension while we studied each other intently through the effortless conversation. He came alive more than Id seen him in a while, but whether that was from the drinks or his freedom, I couldnt say.Though my heart sang at finally being with him again, I was still battered with a million doubts. Hed told me to push them aside, but it was hard. Maddie. His underlying pessimism. His desire for escape. His family. My own selfishness.But when we finished dinner, all such worries fled. As soon as we were back in his room a wide and spacious suite that looked out to the now-dark water we were all over each other. The longing that had built up between us exploded. His hands undid the zipper of my dress, peeling it from my body. We fell onto the bed, and I tore at his shorts, reason and responsibility nonexistent. His hands ran the length of my body, down the sides of my hips while his mouth moved from my collarbone to the spot between my breasts and then finally onto one of the breasts and its hardened nipple.I was prying off his pants when I felt the glow of life energy start to creep into me. For a few moments, I was able to ignore its implications. I just wanted him. I wanted to feel what Id felt months ago when his body had been in mine and Id had that sense of perfect union. The life energy was an aphrodisiac, enhancing the desire my physical body felt.Maybe it was a kneejerk reaction from the old age of dating, but once more, I was the one who had to stop it all. I put some distance between us , though we were still intertwined.Okay, I said, my heart pound in my chest. Were about to cross the line.There was lust in Seths eyes. Lust and love and that same burning need I had to reach ultimate completion. We cross it a little, didnt we? he asked breathlessly. I felt it.Yeah, I admitted. Not much. Not much is too much.He frowned a little, his hand still running over my leg. So, so dangerous. A little more and we would teeter over the edge again.Ive felt it before, he said. When you started to take some of me. Just a vague sense, but it was there. Somehowsomehow, it didnt seem quite as bad this time.He was right, and that was because of that slight darkening on his soul. Sure, he was nowhere near as bad as a lot of Hell-bound people, but even that slight mark made a difference. I could feel it. Before, hed been pristine and pure, all sparking silver and undiluted life. around of it was still theresave that slight shadow, a shadow that I suspected was increasing the more he decided to turn his back on the people in his life. And the darker a soul was, the less of it I took.Youre right. I didnt bother getting into the technicalities. But itd still be bad.Too bad to take a chance just one time?An old argument. What happened to you giving me up?I will if I have to. I was ready to. But that was before you came hereyou still havent told me why, what you want. Id do it again. Id be together again, but no more physical boundaries. He cut off my protests. I know, I know the risks. And I know as should you that whats between us is about more than sex. But that was still a thorn, no matter how much we knew it shouldnt be. I dont want anything like that happening again. Ill take the risk. Its my choice.I I dont know. I just dontWell, thats better than I cant. He chuckled. He moved closer, his lips just brushing mine. And if you decide no, then thats how itll be. But maybemaybe just this once we couldmaybe just once you could give in.I closed my eyes as his li ps touch against mine once more, harder this time, and our bodies moved back together. Again, he was right. I could almost give in this time. Id been through too much recently, so much stirred and spiritual upheaval. Being with him felt like the most natural thing in the world right nowbut my warning alarms were still going off. If I shortened his life with a dark soul, hed be that much closer to Hell.No, I said at last. It was growing more difficult to keep pulling back. I still cant. Not yet. Im not saying neverI just. Im so confused. Im sorry.He looked disappointed, but to my relief, he didnt push the issue again. I might not have been able to resist if he did. But youll stay? Youll stay the night with me at least?I nodded. I can stay for three days.Three days. Thats perfect. I can handle that. Three more days to think about it all. If we can stay togetherthen we will. If we cant, then Ill be alone until theres another Georgina. His wry tone indicated his doubts about that. For now, this is enough.We lounged in each others arms naked after that, miraculously managing to keep things from escalating. Of course, it was a skill wed perfected while dating, so we fell into it naturally though also reluctantly. We stayed up talking for a long time, as though we hadnt seen each other for categorys and had a lifetime to catch up on. Which really wasnt that far from the truth.At last, he slept, but I was restless. I watched his peaceful breathing in the darkness, his sleep heavy from the drinks. His skin was warm against mine, and I felt safer than I had in a while.Three days. Wed have these three days, and for a little longer, I could pretend he was mine again, just like he used to be. If I chose, I could even make this permanent. Id told him Id think about it. The one problem with it all was that things werent like they used to be. The dream replayed in my head, the dream that might have been a lie. Seth had been the man in the dream, the one I could have been with if what the Oneroi had showed me was true. But was this Seth lying in my arms the man in the dream? The one Id dreamed of had been infinitely kind and good the one Id fallen in love with. The real Seth had changed gradually, yesbut the change was there.It was wrong of me to judge, seeing as part of the change over the last year had been a result of me in his life. Yet, once more, that selfish part inside me thought he should have resisted. Id fallen for Seth because of his moral character, something that always attracted me to a man. Ironic and possibly hypocritical for a servant of Hell. I still loved Seth, still felt that connection, but things were off now. This bitterness, this attitude that made him want to lock himself away in easy, selfish retreat was not what Id expected of him. Id expected more.I didnt want to lose him. I wanted these last few days with him. I wanted forever with him, but if I stayed, Id be furthering this attitude I hated. Id encourage the darkness to build within him. I didnt want to see it. And as much as I loved him and yearned to cling to a few more moments with him, I realized staying with this Seth who disappointed me so much was a bad idea. Seth had said hed rather be alone than be with the wrong woman. Id rather be apart from him than see him like this. I wanted my memories of him to stay pure.And so, though it broke my heart, I untangled myself from him. In his heavy sleep, he didnt stir. Again, the hypocrisy wasnt lost on me. Id tried so many times to coax him into one drink, and now I looked down on him for using cocktails as a way to dull the pain. How stupid, I thought, that his change soul made it easier for us to finally be togetherand yet, for my heart, it made it impossible.I shape-shifted into jeans and a light tank top and found some hotel stationery. On it, I scrawledSeth,Im sorry but I have to leave. I told you Id consider everything, but I was wrong. I love you too much to stay.Cryptic much? A meager w ay to express all those feelings, but somehow, I suspected hed understand. He knew me. I left it on the bedside table and then watched him for a few moments, admiring the man I loved and always would. Finally, my eyes wet, I turned away and left the room to catch a taxi to the airport.

Business Conduct in the Mining Industry Essay

Business ethics be defined as the collective values of a business organisation that mass be characterd to respect whether the behaviour of the collective members of the organisation argon considered accept subject and appropriate (ed. Campbell 2014). Many companies in the mining industry lack incentive to set up business strike in line with honorable standards in regards to the fundamental linguistic rules encompassed in the Global Business Standard Codex (GBSC) (Paine et al. 2005). Such principles that should be encouraged include the principle of dignity in regards to contributing to the development of local anesthetic communities and also the principles of transpargonncy and citizenship in relation to environmental concerns.Companies in the mining sector may be motivated to contribute and improve the stinting and social development of locals, respecting the dignity of Indigenous communities (Paine et al. 2005). A publication by the Australian Human Rights Commission, sugges ts that corporate function requires the incorporation of human rights principles pertinent to a sustainable relationship between Indigenous people and mining companies, including the protection and maintenance of traditional culture. There are many corporations that strive to respect the dignity of Indigenous people through acknowledging the customary rights of and engaging with local communities to ensure that their activities positively enhance the lives of those affected by their operations (Everinghim et al. 2013).BHP Billiton is one company committed to working with local Indigenous communities by engaging frequently and openly with communities affected by their activities, and by pickings the views and apprehensions of these communities into account in decision-making. The company acts diligently to avoid infringing on the rights and traditions of local communities, and has also establishednumerous education initiatives, such as the Warrae Wanni Pathways to School computer p rogram in Musswellbrook, NSW, Australia to help Indigenous children and children from disadvantaged backgrounds gain access to better education (BHP Billiton 2013).By engaging with local communities consistently with human rights principles, mining companies are able to deliver enduring benefits to these communities with prospects of jobs and business from the mine, supporting a sustainable relationship with Indigenous communities and helping maintain their cultures (Cragg & Greenbaum 2012). Mining companies should create employment opportunities, throw out education programs and engage in consultation processes with local communities in order to support the sustainable development of these communities (Paine et al. 2005). By cooperating with and respecting local communities and their cultures, mining companies are able to move on the sustainable development of these communities in line with the dignity principle of the GBSC.Another issue within the mining industry is that companie s may not be compelled to report on their consumption of environmental resources used in their operations when mining for raw materials (Paine et al. 2005). There are many businesses around the globe that do not dedicate appropriate provisions in place in regards to disclosing information about their consumption of natural resources and enhancing biodiversity. In a report by Cambodians for Resource Revenue Transparency (2013), many of the locals interviewed were implicated that mineral exploration by Australian mining companies would intrude on their record, devastating spiritual forests and powderize culturally significant sites because the companies had little engagement with local communities and the disclosure of information was limited.Numerous mines established in developing countries are usually more concerned with acquiring land to excavate in order to expand operations and produce profits, with little regard for the environmental impact they have on the land and surround ing communities, due to wrong decisions made with little governance (Cragg et al. 2002). Such decisions include diverting or damming rivers in order to operate the mine, moving local villages in order to exploit more land, and other unsustainable practices performed when mining raw materials (Siegel 2013).Mining companies should be legally required to disclose how their activities impact the land on and aroundwhich they operate and be accountable for any adverse environmental issues that arise from such activities, leading to a dramatic decrease in unethical practices in the mining industry (Northcott 2012). A lack of emphasis on the principle of transparency in the mining industry may lead to the unsustainable use of resources and the degradation of land surrounding mines because companies are currently not required to disclose information about their operations.Some companies in the mining industry, however, are seen to promote ethical practices regarding resource usage and envir onmental impact in line with the citizenship principle encompassed in the GBSC (Paine et al. 2005). These companies place a high regard for the protection and sustainable development of the natural environment on lands on which they operate and abroad. Mining companies operating in Australia are governed by stringent regulations on their operating activities and are encouraged to constructively engage in tackling greenhouse gas emissions, efficiently using energy and preserving the biodiversity of ecosystems (Siegel 2013). Mining giant, BHP Billiton is committed to being a responsible flight attendant of natural resources by implementing energy efficiency and green-house gas reduction projects, and aiding the rehabilitation of disturbed areas used in operations (BHP Billiton 2013).Through their interactions with natural resources, mining companies can act as responsible citizens of the community by aspiring to protect and deliver lasting benefits to the environment and communities through the improvement natural resource counsel and the reduction greenhouse gas emissions (Worrell & Appleby 2000). Mining companies should be activist on issues such as environmental impact, ensure their activities clean up any environmental damage caused by operations and strive for the sustainable management of natural resources (Paine et al. 2005). While there are numerous companies involved in mining that promote the responsible and sustainable use of land and resources, acting as responsible citizens of the nation in which they operate, there is growing need for the citizenship principle to be set ahead enforced to offer guidance for other mining companies across the globe in regards to how their activities should not cause further environmental damage.The promotion and implementation of ethical standards within the mining industry is essential in order to ensure corporate decisions are made to encompass moral values. Mining activities resulting from business decisions hav e a wide impact on not only themselves, but also on the wider community and the environment, spurring the need to adopt a encrypt of conduct encompassing the principles outlined in the Global Business Standard Codex (Paine et al. 2005).ReferencesType your reference list in alphabetical order reservoirs LAST/SURNAME belowAppleby, MC Worrell, R 2000, Stewardship of natural resources definition, ethical and practical aspects, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 263-277, viewed 31 action 2014,Australian Human Rights Commission 2002, Corporate Responsibility Developing principles on Resource Development on Indigenous land Human Rights Based go on to Mining on Aboriginal Land, viewed 25 May 2014,BHP Billiton, BHP Billiton sustainability report 2013, viewed 25 May 2014,Cambodians for Resource Revenue Transparency April 2013, Transparency and minerals development in Cambodia the cases of OZ Minerals and BHP Billiton, viewed 25 May 2014,Cragg, W & Green baum, A 2002, Reasoning about responsibilities mining company managers on what stakeholders are owed, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 319-35, viewed 31 establish 2014,Everingham, J, Rifkin, W, Collins, N 2013, Indigenous enterprise initiative, Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining, The University of Queensland, viewed 8 May 2014,Northcott, MS 2012, Artificial persons against nature environmentalgovernmentality, economic corporations, and ecological ethics, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 12491, no.1, pp. 104-17, viewed 8 May 2014, https//vuws.uws.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-998577-dt-content-rid 12774999_1/courses/200336_2014_aut/1%20Assessments/Req%20Readings/Northcott%20%282012%29.pdfPaine, L, Desphande, R, Margolis, JD, Bettcher, KE 2005, Up to code does your companys conduct accept world-class standards?, Harvard Business Review, vol. 83, no. 12, pp. 122-33, viewed 8 May 2014,Siegel, S 2013, The missing ethics in mining, Ethics and international affairs, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 3-17, viewed 8 May 2014, Vuws database, inside 10.1017/S0892679412000731.Stanwick, P & Stanwick, S 2014, The foundation of ethical thought, in N Campbell (ed.) Business academic skills, 5th edn, Pearson Australia, Sydney, pp. 48-58

The Colour Purple Theme

The title of the book is a very important symbol. Celie goes through life having a hard time noticing the beautiful aspects and appreciating them. She had a nasty life and was maltreated as an adolescent. The coloring purple is continu every(prenominal)y equated with suffering and pain. Sofias swollen, beaten face is described as the color of eggplant. Purple is the color of Celies hugger-mugger parts the site of her inner violation. However, later Shug points out to her that life must be enjoyed. When they were in a field of purple flowers, Shug tells Celie to look at the flowers and grok their beauty. You must look at all the good and acknowledge them because perfection placed them all on earth. After learning this, Celie has a break up respect for life and everything it has to offer. Themes, Motifs & Symbols Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Power of Narrative and Voice perambulator emphasizes throughout the figm ent that the ability to express ones thoughts and feelings is crucial to developing a sense of self. Initially, Celie is completely unable to resist those who abuse her.Remembering Alphonsos warning that she break-dance not never tell nobody but deity nearly his abuse of her, Celie feels that the and way to persevere is to remain silent and invisible. Celie is essentially an object, an altogether passive party who has no power to claim herself through action or words. Her letters to God, in which she begins to pour out her story, become her only outlet. However, because she is so unaccustomed to articulating her experience, her narrative is initially muddled despite her best efforts at transparency. In Shug and Sofia, Celie finds sympathetic ears and learns less(prenominal)ons that enable her to find her vocalization.In renaming Celie a virgin, Shug shows Celie that she dismiss create her admit narrative, a new interpretation of herself and her history that counters the inte rpretations forced upon her. Gradually Celie begins to flesh out more of her story by telling it to Shug. However, it is not until Celie and Shug discover Netties letters that Celie finally has enough knowledge of herself to form her own powerful narrative. Celies forceful assertion of this newfound power, her cursing of Mr. ______ for his eld of abuse, is the novels climax. Celies story dumbfounds and eventually humbles Mr. _____, causing him to reassess and change his own life. Though pushchair clearly wishes to emphasize the power of narrative and speech to assert selfhood and resist oppression, the novel acknowledges that such resistance can be risky. Sofias forceful outburst in response to Miss Millies invitation to be her housemaid costs her twelve years of her life. Sofia regains her freedom eventually, so she is not totally defeated, but she pays a high price for her words. The Power of Strong Female Relationships throughout The Color Purple, Walker portrays female friend ships as a means for women to summon the courage to tell stories.In turn, these stories allow women to resist oppression and dominance. Relationships among women form a refuge, providing reciprocatory love in a world filled with male violence. Female ties take many forms some are m separately or sisterly, some are in the form of mentor and pupil, some are sexual, and some are simply friendships. Sofia claims that her ability to fight comes from her strong relationships with her sisters. Netties relationship with Celie anchors her through years of living in the unfamiliar culture of Africa. Samuel notes that the strong relationships among Olinka women are the only thing that makes polygamy bearable for them.Most important, Celies ties to Shug bring about Celies gradual repurchase and her attainment of a sense of self. The Cyclical Nature of Racism and Sexism Almost none of the abusers in Walkers novel are stereotypical, one-dimensional monsters whom we can dismiss as purely evil. Th ose who perpetuate violence are themselves victims, often of sexism, racism, or paternalism. Harpo, for example, beats Sofia only after his father implies that Sofias resistance makes Harpo less of a man. Mr. ______ is violent and mistreats his family much like his own tyrantlike father treated him.Celie advises Harpo to beat Sofia because she is jealous of Sofias lastingness and assertiveness. The characters are largely aware of the circular nature of harmful behavior. For instance, Sofia tells Eleanor Jane that societal influence makes it almost inevitable that her baby boy will grow up to be a racist. Only by forcefully talking back to the men who abuse them and showing them a new way of doing things do the women of the novel break these cycles of sexism and violence, causing the men who ab utilise them to stop and reexamine their ways. The Disruption of Traditional Gender RolesMany characters in the novel break the boundaries of traditional male or female gender roles. Sofias strength and sass, Shugs sexual assertiveness, and Harpos insecurity are major examples of such disparity between a characters gender and the traits he or she displays. This blurring of gender traits and roles sometimes involves sexual ambiguity, as we see in the sexual relationship that develops between Celie and Shug. Disruption of gender roles sometimes causes problems. Harpos insecurity about his masculinity leads to marital problems and his attempts to beat Sofia.Likewise, Shugs confident sexuality and resistance to male domination cause her to be labeled a tramp. Throughout the novel, Walker wishes to emphasize that gender and sexuality are not as simple as we may believe. Her novel subverts and defies the traditional ways in which we understand women to be women and men to be men. Motifs Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the texts major themes. Letters Walker uses the novels epistolary (letter-writing) form to emphasize the power of communication. Celie writes letters to God, and Nettie writes letters to Celie.Both sisters gain strength from their letter writing, but they are saved only when they receive responses to their letters. Therefore, although writing letters enables self-e-xpression and confession, it requires a willing audience. When Celie never responds to Netties letters, Nettie feels lost because Celie is her only audience. Nettie grows disillusioned with her missionary work because the imperialists will not take heed to her and because the Olinka villagers are stubborn. Only after Nettie returns home to Celie, an audience guaranteed to listen, does she feel fulfilled and freed.The Rural Farm Community Walker sets most of her novel in a rural farm community that has few visitors, and she focuses on colorful portraits of each of her characters. By focusing on the personal lives and transformations of her characters, Walker renders public events almost irrelevant. When Shug an d Celie adjudicate news of current events from the outside world, it all just sounds crazy to them. The unspecific time and place broaden the novels scope, making its themes more universal. colours Throughout the novel, the appearance of brighter colors indicates the liberation various characters experience.Walker uses color to signal renewals and rebirths at several points in the novel. When Kate takes Celie shopping for a new dress, the only color options are drab onesbrown, maroon, and dark blue. Later, Celie and Sofia use bright yellow fabric from Shugs dress to make a quilt. When Celie describes her religious awakening, she marvels how she never noticed the wonders that God has made, such as the color purple. Upon Mr. ______s transformation, he paints the entire interior of his house fresh and white, signaling his new beginning. Symbols Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.Sewing and Quilts In general, sewing in The Color Purple symbolizes the power women can gain from productively channeling their creative energy. After Sofia and Celie repugn about the advice Celie has tending(p) Harpo, Sofia signals a truce by suggesting they make a quilt. The quilt, composed of diverse patterns sewn together, symbolizes diverse people coming together in unity. Like a patchwork quilt, the community of love that surrounds Celie at the end of the novel incorporates men and women who are bonded by family and friendship, and who have different gender roles, sexual orientations, and talents.Another important instance of sewing in the novel is Celies pants-sewing business. With Shugs help, Celie overturns the idea that sewing is marginal and unimportant womens labor, and she turns it into a lucrative, empowering source of economic independence. God In the early parts of the novel, Celie sees God as her listener and helping hand, yet Celie does not have a clear understanding of who God is. She knows deep down th at her image of God as a white patriarch dont seem quite right, but she says its all she has.Shug invites Celie to imagine God as something radically different, as an it that delights in creation and just wants human beings to love what it has created. Eventually, Celie boodle thinking of God as she stops thinking of the other men in her lifeshe git man off her eyeball and tells God off, writing, You must be sleep. But after Celie has chased her patriarchal God away and come up with a new concept of God, she writes in her last letter, Dear God. Dear stars, god-fearing trees, dear sky, dear peoples. Dear Everything. Dear God. This reimagining of God on her own terms symbolizes Celies move from an object of someone elses care to an independent woman. It also indicates that her voice is now sufficiently empowered to create her own narrative. Previous Section Analysis of Major Characters beginning. The Color Purple This color, the color of royalty, exemplifies the endless possibilit ies available to Celie and other black women if they stand up for their own rights. Rightdock 1 year ago The book is entitled Color Purple because Purple symbolizes hope which is largely given importance in the story. It was written by Alice Walker and released in 1982.

My Vision for Social Change Essay

My Vision for Social Change My goal in biography is to grow and develop an understanding of the mysteries of human behavior, with the visual modality of learning new and more effective ways to assist others experience their full potentials. With this in mind, and come along influenced by my career choices as a war veteran, a preacher, and a mental health counselor, I have come to the understanding that life is never in what you take. Rather, life is in what you give to effect a coercive social change in your environment and /or the people around you. exploitation the definition provided by the Walden University, positive social change is a deliberate process of creating and applying ideas, strategies, and forgeions to promote the worth, dignity, and development of individuals, communities, organizations, institutions, cultures, and societies. (Walden University, n.d.).Embedded in this definition is the fact that positive social change is mostly made possible through deliberate and concerted efforts channel toward a specific goal. Therefore, having a vision is one thing, and realizing the vision is a nonher. Yes, I want to help others experience their full potentials but how will this be possible? Knowing full well that you cannot give what you do not have. This is where my choice of coming to pursue a MS in Mental Health Counseling at Walden University becomes so important. Walden University presented a vision statement of providing a learning community where knowledge is judged rightly, to the degree that it can be applied by its graduates to the immediate solution of critical societal challenges, thereby advancing the great global good.(Walden University, n.d.) The practicality of this vision statement has been demonstrated.It is the truth that Walden University and I shared same vision statement. Better still, Walden University knows the how of realizing the vision, which I need to learn. Going forward, therefore, I must act on the advice provided by Matthew Buckley, trust that the vision that you have for yourself will be realized. (Laureate Education, Inc. 2012). He went further to say that the University professionals are standing ready to work with you, and view as you, and support you. (Laureate Education, Inc. 2012)References Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer), (2012). Walden MHC Matt Buckley. Baltimore, MD. Author.Walden University. (n.d.). Scholars of change. (Video). Retrieved from http//www.waldenu.edu/About-Us/39004.htmWalden University. (n.d.). Vision and mission statements. Retrieved from http//www.waldenu.edu/About-Us/33598.htm

Building a greener future

In December 2006, the Department for Communities issued a audience paper call Constructing a Greener Future Towards Zero Carbon Development. It included proposals to fasten Part L of the current Building Regulations so that from 2016 new places would breathe zero C, with the thought-provoking proposal that all new non-dwelling edifices will breathe zero C by 2019. This was headingly introduced in order to make the Governments marks to cut megabucks emanations as a moment from human actions. These marks boast to be r idiosyncraticlyed by 2050 as these marks argon lawfully adhering under the Climate diversify Act. The UK s 21 million homes argon responsible for 27 % of CO2 emanations, con appende half of water system supplies and bring forth 8 % of waste ( Communities and topical anesthetic Government, 2008 ) With more than 200,000 houses planned to be built every twelvemonth to house a turning population, sustainable places seem to be the lone reply. The difficult musc le salvaging technology employed in such(prenominal) houses frequently claim to be able to execute against the Government s marks, nevertheless some generation they are ineffective to execute due to their complexness, invariably altering markets and compatibility with other engineerings.Established in 1975, the Stewart Milne Group is one of the UK s largest in interdependent home-builders which is renowned for its invention of lumber administration engineerings. In response to the Government s aspirations, the Stewart Milne Group designed the Sigma syndicate. It has been constructed as a three stem townhouse, arranged over quadruple floors to understate the edifices gradation whilst still maximizing populating adjustment. It has an unfastened platform layout which makes effectual economic consumption of natural visible radiation and similarly allows for the edifice to be flexible in whirl assorted layouts from household place, house portion or even office infinite. The S igma Home took merely 8 hebdomads ( compared to the normal 24 hebdomads ) to construct due to the workout of offsite engineerings including the closed lumber frame walls and the pre-fabricated bathroom cods. In order to keep the conformity for Level 5, the Sigma Home offers ternary glassy Windowss, low zero contraptions and small renewable engineering. Water salvaging devices make believe been employ throughout to accomplish the 80 liters of H2O use per individual per twenty-four hours required for Code 5. Fabric insulant at 0.15w/m2k provided by the wall, floor and detonator elements with high public presentation lumber Windowss and an air tightness scope of 1-3m3/m2/h agencies that the building is 10 times better than current Building Regulations fills ( Stewart Milne Group, n.d. ) A solar chimney on the roof positioned above the stairway optimises the inactive dispersion by utilizing the stack consequence in the step instance enabling air to be drawn throughout the pl ace for chilling. Lighting, hot H2O and infinite warming are provided by solar thermal, photovoltaic roof panels and roof mounted air current turbines.In December 2007, the Stewart Milne Group commissioned the Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development and architecture ( OISDA ) to measure and supervise the Sigma Home whilst it was occupied by a household of four. They occupied the house for four two hebdomad periods, one in each season of the twelvemonth. The place was lived in every bit normal as possible with the household partaking in typical day-to-day activities. The residents experiences were recorded utilizing several question methods including pictures, interviews, log sheets and thermic comfort studies. OISDA monitored the temperature, humidness, indoor air quality, energy, gas and H2O ingestion and window/door gaps. This meant that a better apprehension of how residents respond to let loose energy contraptions and complex energy salvaging engineering could be ascert ained and used for future research and design.The energy public presentation of the Sigma Home is an betterment upon ceremonious houses, nevertheless failed to accomplish the predicted energy public presentation set out in the design phases of the undertaking. It was suggested that betterments need to be made in the air stringency and the cloth of the building through rouse keeping in order to better on the energy public presentation. Thermal images were produced during the trial on the property whilst the household were populating at that place. These revealed that the rouse loss parametric quantity was approx 40 % worse than the predicted design phase appraisal ( Stewart Milne Group, 2009. ) As the edifice is unfastened program it is hard to lock air into peculiar suites and with warm air lifting, heat would necessarily be lost through window and door adjustments and the roof. One resolvent would be to better the air tight seals around window and door adjustments every bi t good as put ining an air membrane in the roof to cut down heat loss.However, the belongings does maximize the usage of solar addition by using big countries of glazing, in peculiar on the set down floor at the forepart of the edifice. But, by holding so much glass in the edifice struggles with involvements of privateness as one of the animation countries is at the forepart of the belongings. The glass is ternary glazed it is unbelievable that solar addition would act upon the temperature deep down the edifice. This engineering means that unreal lighting is improbable to be used during daylight hours, nevertheless would merely be truly effectual if the belongings was south facing. The Sigma Home is east facing so would non have the maximal sum of daylight all twenty-four hours. When unreal lighting is required in the edifice, low energy visible radiation bulbs are used throughout. However, in some countries of the belongings these bulbs are non appropriate. They are by and lar ge slow to react and in suites where there is small solar addition such as the bathroom, by the clip the bulbs have responded and are able to breathe sufficient visible radiation, the user has most likely turned the light off.sooner a high proportion of the electricity used in the Sigma Home is generated by micro renewable engineering. Wind turbines are primed(p) on the roof of the edifice and generates small effectual electricity ( Stewart Milne, 2009. ) This engineering is non suited to the low rise urban location of the Sigma Home where the edifice is shielded from the air current by environing edifices, therefore merely able to bring forth really small electricity. There used to be three wind turbines on the roof, but ironically strong air currents brought down one of the turbines and have damaged another. This raises a Health and Safety issue with this engineering particularly if this paradigm is to be rolled out on a larger undertaking. The tallness of the belongings beside s suggests that the occupier of the belongings would be unable to keep and mend this engineering which would necessitate the expertness of specializer contractors.Photovoltaic panels have been installed on the roof and the south facing gable wall and norm at bring forthing 27kWh/m2/ yr over the twelvemonth. The photovoltaic s are good in the manner that they generate a high per centum ( about 50 % ) of the electricity used deep down the edifice. However, the embody of put ining photovoltaic engineering and keeping it can frequently outweigh any benefit. Besides the panels public presentation are frequently dependent on the sum of sunshine they have entree to. Since installing of the panels on the south facing wall, the Barrett Green House has been built next to the Sigma Home. This severely reduces the sum of sunshine able to be absorbed by the photovoltaic s and besides reduces the handiness to the panels for care excessively.solar thermal panels are besides located on the roof. The energy from the panels preheats the H2O for warming and domestic usage. The solar thermic engineering is equal for its intent and is regarded as one of the most successful and cost effectual sustainable engineerings. However, the peculiar merchandise nowadays at the Sigma Home has been discontinued from the market which raises issues associated with future care and replacing. It seems that merchandises on the sustainable engineerings market are systematically altering and are likely to go out-of-date rapidly and newer and more efficient engineerings are adopted for other undertakings, go forthing earlier merchandises excess. Solar thermic engineering does hold its restrictions though. Often sufficient heat storage is non installed significance it is hard to synchronize the end product with the resident s craves, which may include heating the edifice in summer to utilize the energy from the panels.Underfloor heating engineering has been adopted throughout the belongings. The he at is supplied from a low dark gas boiler that is capable of providing up to 14kW, nevertheless the mean demand would merely be about 4kW. Underfloor heating tends to hold a clip deceleration in reacting to the resident s coveted temperature and residents may invariably set the thermoregulator because of this and utilize more energy that is required. By utilizing this engineering excessively besides means that care and replacing would be debatable by holding to raise the flooring. Low H2O content radiators may hold been more preferred to heat the edifice alternatively of underfloor warming. Low H2O radiators require really small energy to heat the little sums of H2O within the radiator nevertheless, this would intend that haunting fitted radiators would cut down the flexibleness of the edifice.Rooms by and large retain their heat due to the cloth and stuffs of the edifice. By utilizing heavy panels and tiles on blockwork would retain heat which is a positive in some facets, nev ertheless this temperature may non be comfy in sleeping populate. Louvered and meshed airing panels in Windowss are frequently adopted to better the airing of the belongings twenty-four hours or dark whilst keeping security. These engineerings are non adopted in the Sigma Home, nevertheless the interior decorators have envisaged airing by building a balcony for the maestro sleeping room on the 3rd floor which would supply some shading. By opening the balcony doors in the maestro sleeping room, internal heat additions. The placement of the doors is effectual in the maestro sleeping room as it means warm lifting air from the edifice can go forth via the balcony doors. The life room on the first floor has been designed to overhang the living/ dining country on the land floor which would supply shadowing on cheery yearss. Throughout the belongings there are LED room temperature panels which tell the occupier the room temperature and the demand ( if any ) to supply airing or warming. Th e lone hazard of overheating in the edifice aside from solar additions is from internal heat additions such as heat generated from family contraptions. The Sigma Home purposes at understating internal heat additions by utilizing low energy electrical goods and low energy lighting. By utilizing low energy contraptions and lighting, it lowers the demand to command overheating and to guarantee that the residents do non necessitate extra air conditioning which would utilize more energy.The Stewart Milne Group did experiment with the usage of stage mutation stuffs in the Sigma Home. Energain ( manufactured from Dupont ) uses ascend that thaws at about 26 & A deg degree Celsiuss and Acts of the Apostless as a signifier of latent heat storage that absorbs heat from the edifice as it starts to overheat. As the temperature so lowers, Energain changes its belongings from a liquid to a solid once more and releases the stored heat back into the room. Unfortunately the wax is flammable so th e merchandise needs to be protected by gypsum board which raises inquiries of its effectivity and its ability to be used in sustainable places if the Sigma Home is a paradigm to be rolled out on larger undertakings.If the edifice does overheat, a solar stack has been installed at the top of the edifice and its chief map is to let warm air to air out out. The stack sits above the stairwell and takes in warm air as it rises. A heat sensor clears and closes a blowhole at the top of the stack to pull off the optimal temperature in the edifice. However, the stack can move as a move which channels external noise to air out down in the belongings. As the M25 and M1 are all close the noise can be preferably annoying. The many Windowss located within the belongings besides reduces the hazard of overheating. It was established though, that merely 4 out of the 25 Windowss were used systematically whilst the edifice was universe tested. This could so cut down the sum of Windowss required wi thin the belongings which would be addressed in the design phases of farther physiques. A mechanical airing with heat recovery system has been installed in the Sigma Home which is required for Code 5 and 6 houses. Extractors for the mechanical airing systems have been fitted in wet countries such as the bathroom. They extract warm, damp air to the heat recovery unit where the heat is transferred to warm the fresh entrance air, which is so supplied at low puff per unit area to habitable suites through blowholes.The H2O use is good within the Code for Sustainable Homes bounds for Code 5 of 80 liters per individual per twenty-four hours. The edifice operates a gray H2O recycling unit which takes waste H2O from lights-outs and the showers and cleans and filters it for re-use in blushing the lavatory. The Ecoplay system is self monitoring and shops the colourise H2O for a upper limit of 24 hours before being removed from the system to guarantee hygiene criterions are maintained in the belongings. roughly of the electrical contraptions have H2O use clippers on them, to guarantee the H2O use for Code 5 is besides maintained. The dish washer uses 10 liters of H2O per rhythm, the lavation machine uses 40 liters. One negative of utilizing H2O usage decrease engineering is that frequently occupants necessitate to utilize more H2O to retain through activities within the place such as blushing the lavatory. Depending on the burden of rinsing, more H2O may be required excessively. However, if the residents exceed utilizing 80 liters of H2O per individual per twenty-four hours, the Sigma Home would lose its Code 5 position.It is clear that belongingss such as the Sigma Home have a repute of utilizing complex and specialist engineering. Such engineerings should be explained to the residents before the handover to guarantee that the residents are cognizant of what the edifices engineering is capable of and how to understate energy usage. Simple but elaborate accounts and d iagrams should be available in the edifice with an aftercare hotline, to guarantee residents are capable of utilizing the engineering. After having feedback from the probe, Stewart Milne ( 2009 ) have now developed the KISS attack Keep It Simple false and besides believe that place care understandings could be compulsory in the hereafter, which would enable residents to go familiar with the engineering.Using the Sigma Home research undertaking to aver the following phase of research and development, Stewart Milne Group has now embarked on making the Sigma II Build System. This is designed to larn from the yesteryear of the Sigma Home and to foster the demand for low energy places, low C places whilst supplying a solution that is easy to construct, maintain and usage by residents.BRE ( 2009 ) believes that accomplishing a low energy usage society will depend on consumers themselves altering the manner they use their places to do a positive impact on cut downing their energy inge stion. Code for sustainable placesDecisionMentionsCommunities and Local GovernmentStewart Milne Group ( n.d ) Advancing Tomorrows HomeStewart Milne 2009 the hereafter of low energy, C impersonal places.BREThe experimental household commented that there was a deficiency of drying installations within the belongings which would so increase energy use by utilizing a tumble drier. Their recommendations were to optimize the infinite at the top of the belongings. As the belongings is four floor high and heat rises, this would be suited, nevertheless transporting wet rinsing from the kitchen on the land floor to a room on the 4th floor is non practical.It would besides be reasonable to hold designed the sleeping rooms so that they would hold been on the land and first floors. This would intend that the sleeping rooms would be kept at a comfy temperature. This would intend the heat would lift to the upper floors and the contact with the land would besides better its imperturbability. Howeve r, this agreement of suites is non stately as this would intend sleeping rooms would be following to the kitchen and as the belongings is tall it would be unacceptable for the kitchen to be farther up in the belongings.

Frankenstein and his creature are in fact the same person

When considering this question angiotensin converting enzyme must first cultivate note of the discrepancy mingled with the literal presentation of the relationship in the midst of Frankenstein and his prick, and the figurative presentation of that. Are Shelleys intentions predominantly to bring our attention to the fixed sequence of evets to perceive the story in a literal manner or to a more implicit message an analogy of bodily union between the two antagonists?Of course, today, when one utters the name Frankenstein the first image thought up is that of a detestable, monstrous, green entity with bolts through the neck. This is indeed erroneous when taking Shelleys novel into account, yet it still offers us an allusion to the idea of the double. It has frequently been suggested that the creature assumes the role of a doppelginger or alter-ego to Frankenstein. That he is merely an extension, or reflection of his creator (indeed creature implies creator).They both assume var ious synonymous roles through give away the novel for example, their corresponding isolation, the omission of distaff influence in their matters, their juxtaposed intentions to take revenge, and of course the simple fact that Victor is presented as a solitary p bent to the creature the only person with whom the creature has an emotional bond. So, let us first look at this issue of Victors and the creatures father-son relationship. Of course, the common interpretation of this matter is that Frankenstein manages to usurp the roles of both God and the female.What is the difference between a figurative and a literal analogy?Indeed, same(p) father like son has a profound meaning here, and the creature is, in effect Victors confess vampire his child. The most indicative portrayal of this usurping of the female (the mother) follows immediately after the creatures awakening, with Frankensteins horrifically symbolic dream of Elizabeth his potential and prearranged partner existence d egraded into the corpse of his utterly mother. This does seem to provide an implicit metaphor for sexual depravity that Victors exploits lead him to isolate himself from both the worlds populace and, in turn, any form of carnal satisfaction.let us, then, look further into this issue of isolation. The reasons for both Victors and the creatures solitude differ markedly, but are nevertheless explicably connected. Victor is essentially isolated by his Promethean strive for friendship how dangerous is the acquirement of k presentlyledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native t protest to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow This Victors own allege provides us with an allusion to a man punching above his weight (to entrap it facetiously).As with Prometheus the Greek Titan Victor, in the early parts of the novel, contemplates the power of fire (this trek into the inglorious when taking into account Waltons ominous exp edition to the Arctic has also led critics to propose a Frankenstein-Walton double). This knowledge is then utilised by him in the basis of his creature in parallel with Prometheus, striking discontent with godly authority. As the 1931 film version of Frankenstein adequately made out, Now I know what its like to be God. Frankenstein is an introvert departing the archetypal family vivification to take up his place at Ingolstadt.He concedes vast quantities of his own life to create life the monster being his Adam. It is therefore rather ironic that this concession of life is seemingly deemed worthless and a waste after Victor abandons his creature. The reason for this renunciation is essentially predicated on the creatures repulsive physical appearance his ominous manifestations striking fear into his creator. This now brings us onto the creatures reasons for isolation. He is an castaway from the world to the extent that even those he thought to be well-natured and underst anding the De Lacey family callously repel him.He is excluded from domestic life, albeit involuntarily, i la his creator. Looking at one interpretation, we might scan this rebuttal of oddities as an attack by Shelley on societal conditioning (displayed effectively by the young, innocent Williams preconceptions of the monster as an ogre and a fanatic) and the corrupt narrow-minded outlook of society towards what, on the surface, appears to be evil, but is in fact benevolent (the creature being a noble savage). The monsters postal service arouses a poignant sense of pity in the reader.His solitude a common theme throughout Gothic literature forces him into malignity (this word having been retell frequently throughout the novel by Victor as narrator). The creature is, therefore, not just a reflection of Adam, but also of Satan an outcast from heaven (of course, the monsters heaven can possibly be interpreted to be the respect and understanding of man towards him). Furthermore, the creature strikes similarities with John Miltons representation of Satan in nirvana Lost (Better to tackle in Hell than to serve in Heaven).The monsters murderous exploits cast an ominous light over him he is now the villain. What we can see, then, is a complex matrix of doubles the creature and Adam, the creature and Satan, Frankenstein and God, Frankenstein as the parental dichotomy and, of course, the creature and Frankenstein. Another pointer to there being a bodily union between the two antagonists comes in the form of their intentions namely, that of revenge. The creature intends to take revenge on his creator and conversely the creator intends to take revenge on his creature.One interpretation is that this is an embodied symbol of one man Frankenstein (this introvert) attempting to suppress the ugly, odious side of his nature. One can draw parallels with Robert Louis Stephensons 1886 novella The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde the split personality indicatin g a doppelginger motif holding weight throughout the Gothic genre. The creatures and the creators intentions, their natures and, of course, their purpose are all intertwined. The monster is Victors own spirit let loose from the grave, and forced to destroy all that was dear to him.Indeed, Frankenstein feels equally culpable for the deaths of William, Justine, Elizabeth and Clerval. Like the monster, Victor had begun life with benevolent intentions and thirsted for the moment when he should put them in practice and make myself useful to my fellow beings But progressively they both as an interrelation decline into being feeble, malignant characters. These intentions and emotional attachments do poke out to intricately link both the creator and his creature (God and Adam, father and son).Other literally presented occurrences in the novel, for example, the arrest of Frankenstein in Ireland for the murder of Henry continue to add on evidence of Shelleys overriding intention. This de tainment was no mistake. It was just now a figurative portrayal of Victors arrest at the expense of his darker side both he and the creature are equally culpable and both are one and the same. Also, Aya Yatsugi offers the notion of a mirror stage. Frankenstein and the creatures perception of each other through the window in the Orkneys equal to a reflection.This being supplemented by Victors destruction of the creatures mate and the subsequent murder of Elizabeth by the creature again, the sequence of events is too intricate and precise for us to rule out the possibility for Shelleys intentions to have been for that of the double (this dichotomous murder of partners also continues to support the omission of the female). To summarise, then, it is of great import that there is nothing to rule out the possibility of Shelley delivering this work as a purposeful analogy pointing to a bodily union of Frankenstein with his monster.Of course, we must understand that if one is to perceiv e the novel in this manner it will always be subjective and never constant. Yet, the evidence is there, as a supplement, for those who harbour this view. The creature and creator are spiritually one and the same. Their positions in the narrative and corresponding actions are crucially paralleled. Victor is the creatures father, Victor is the creatures God, Victor is the creatures focus of vengeance, and Victor is the only entity with which (possibly with the exception of the De Laceys) the creature has a affectingly governed relationship.Yet, to say that these two characters are the same person is possibly stretching this idea to an unaccountable degree. Indeed, they may just be separate characters with strong parallels Shelleys narrative simply outlining their synonymy and corresponding situations. Maybe Shelleys message is essentially bringing our attention to the fact that these two characters, despite being at each others throats throughout, still bind such a powerful underst anding and spiritual bond. Nevertheless, this issue will forever be open to argument.

Chinese Views on Death and Dying Essay

Chinese religion and strict cultural beliefs atomic number 18 inseparable from the ending rites performed. Many varied names for expiration be scattered through fall out Chinese history, including an ideogram that depicts a some maven rest in front of their ancestors bones 1. In Chinese civilisation, close rites are intricate and well thought out breaks on preparing one for the by and by look and rebirth. Chinese funeral rites have strict guidelines as to where the rites are to be performed, how the rites are performed ( rite bathing of the corpse), the dress of the attendees and the dead, the transfer of somatic goods on Earth to the dead, acknowledgement of the dead person and the processual burial of the body.All these sacred rites are performed by specialists ( usually priests or otherwise) who are p incite by the deceaseds family members. remnant rituals draw out on ache after the burial of the body in terms of grieving for the dead. These rites include retur ning to the burial situate on specific dates to mourn, perform yuan-fen (a symbolic act in which the burial site is rounded ahead with dirt to give it a nice and proper shape) and burning of incense and earthly offerings 2.Attitudes and beliefs on close and the afterlife are quite the selfsame(prenominal) among the Chinese people of the late Imperial Chinese culture and the Chinese culture of to twenty-four hour periodlight. The continuing traditions of the ritualistic burials sheds light on one way a family force out be linked culturally.1. T.C. Lai To The Yellow jets The Chinese View of final stage (17) Hong Kong Joint Publbishing Co. and Kelly & Walsh, 19832. Watson, James L. and Evelyn L. Rawski devastation Ritual in Late Imperial and young chinaware (12-15) Berklely University of California Press, 1988Different cultures harbor dissentent views on death and dying, and it is classical to fancy the signifi derrierece of these contrasting elements of other cultures a nd our own. The Chinese cultures do not see death as something shy away from, besides rather it is a explode of life that is revered. finale is such a scared step that it embodies umpteen different characters for definition such as ni 3a and qi shi 3b. The transition from being a mortal and alive and being deceased is real important to the Chinese. The Chinesehave a strict set of funeral rites that must be followed completely in order for the transition surrounded by this innovation and the world after death to be smooth- the rites are so embedded in culture and rich with rules that there is even a set time for plastered levels of grievances. finale rites are often followed by a series of mourning sessions e realplace the year. However, death rituals for those higher(prenominal) up in society, of course, differ from those of the common man.James L. Watson states that To be Chinese is to understand, and accept the view, that there is a correct way to perform rites associate d with the life-cycle, the most important being weddings and funerals. By following accepted ritual routines ordinary citizens participated in the process of cultural unification. 4 and with this in mind we can begin to understand the reason why the Chinese abode by such rigid structure for the burial of a deceased person. The structure that was imposed on the people of China was embraced because it brought everyone together.3. T.C. Lai To the Yellow Springs The Chinese View of Death (18) Hong Kong Joint Publbishing Co. and Kelly & Walsh, 19834. Quote from Watson, James L. Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China The Structure of Chinese Funerary Rites Elementary Forms, Ritual Sequence, and the Primacy of Performance (3)The sequence in which the ritual is performed is position out perfectly and begins with public notification that a death has occurred. As soon as a death has occurred women in the presence of the death must announce the death by wailing at the top of her lungs , such wailings, as documented by Watson were not voluntary. Along with the informal announcement of death was a formal one where white banners and blue lanterns are placed around the abode and on the doorway. Some of the formal notices were voluntary in part of China, whereas in some parts they were also mandatory. non much unlike Western culture, different colors hint to a time of mourning. Instead of wear away black (like in Western cultures), those who are mourningthe deceased in China are seen wearing white habilitate, shoes and cloaks that are usually made out of sackcloth or hemp. Although mourning colors differ in different parts of China, white is the universal color of mourning for the Chinese. These mourning clothes are usually ragged, unbleached, unhemmed and white. 5The corpse must go through a series of cleansings and blessings before it is allowed to be buried. A ritualized bathing of the corpse is required before it goes on to the next step in the rites. In south China the water is not gathered by the family themselves, but rather, bought from a deity of a sacred well. This particular rite is called mai-shui or roughly translated, buying water. at that place are5. Jones, Constance R.I.P. The roll in the hay Book Of Death And Dying New York HarperCollins Publishers, 1997 (Pg. 163)several ways the corpse is cleansedfrom scrubbing with the water bought, or agentle dab on the forehead with the sacred water. Along with the cleaning is thedonning of in the raw clothes on the corpse.The next step in the funerary rites would be the transfer of material goods to the dead. Things like publisher clothes, cardboard houses, furniture and servants and other things the dead might posit in the afterlife would be transferred into the world of the dead by burning them in a big pot. Food was presented as an offering to the deceased and afterwards, the mourners would partake in the feed. 6Food is an integral part of Chinese tradition and culture, especia lly with the ritualized stairs of burial. Stuart E. Thompson says that, To be Chinese is to perform Chinese ritual and vice-versa to be Chinese is also to eat Chinese-style pabulum with Chinese-style implements. It is explained that the forage used in the rites are to transform a corpse into an ancestor. Food is a centerpiece in the ritual more than once.1. Foods are presented as soon as the person dies and once once more during the ceremonial placeing of the body. Rice is a crucial part of Chinese diet and rice balls and other victuals products (roast pork and such) are usually placed on top of his/her coffin to accompany the dead on their journey. Parts of the ceremony are used to separate the living from the dead, for instance, the breaking of bowls to break the ties between the dead and his/her descendants. After the breaking of the bowls, the6. Watson, James L. The Structure of Chinese Funerary Rites from Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China. (12-13)family members must in authentic that the deceased does not return upset, sothe retention of the deceased must be symbolically distributed among his/her heirs using the food on top of the coffin.2. After the coffining of the body, food is presented to the coffin at least twice a day by the daughter-in-law of the deceased. These offerings are made until the coffin is buried. Sometimes, the offerings continue even after burial.3. A farewell feast is giving every the day before, or on the day of the burial. This tradition is to ensure that transformation from being deceased into an ancestor is complete. Prized offerings consist of either pig heads or undivided pigs along with rice. Along with the farewell feast for the deceased, some offerings are habituated to hungry ghosts whom would usually steal from the deceased on his/her journey.4. Wine, usually rice wine, is poured into three cups for the dead on the burial grounds. This is the last rite before the body passes on to be accompany an ancesto r.5. Food is presented once again after the burial when everyone returns to the home where the ceremony began. Ancestral tablets (explained further in this paper) are then set on specially built variegates or mantles. (My own family has the ashes of the deceased on a mantle in which food is presented to them at every meal) 77. Thompson, Stuart E. Death, Food, And Fertility from Death Ritual in the Late Imperial and Modern China. (75-76)Soul tablets are made for the deceased (except for children and unknown people) as a symbol of a part of their soul. These soul tablets are made by ritual specialists and are placed either on an alter (of those who are married) or in temples, specified institutions or covenants for a fee (for unwed women). These tablets were very important to the rites of the dead. A written Chinese name was required for these tablet, hence the reason why unknown strangers could not receive one. The dead were not recognized by any materialistic idol or pictures, but only by their written Chinese name.Music was also an integral part of the burial sequence. There were two different kinds of sounds that were used to either ward off evil spirits or aid the passing of the soul. High-pitched piping and drumming were the two common sounds heard during burial rites. These sounds are usually play during transitions in the ritual, usually when physical movement of the corpse is taking place. Music is also played during the sealing of the corpse. The Chinese found that this is the most important feature of all the different acts. The coffins made of timberland have been with the Chinese since the Neolithic. Again, paid specialists are the ones who make sure the corpse is stationary within the coffin. They undertake the lid on with nails and caulking compounds to be sure that the coffin is airtight. The nailing of the coffin is the most important part of the whole ritual. The hammering is usually done by the main mourner or by an invited guest who holds a high social status.The final sequence is the removal of the coffin from the village. However, thislast rite does not need to be performed immediately. It is actually a sign of look on for thecoffin to be kept close to the family over a long period of time. But of course, there comes a time when the coffin must sidetrack the hands of the living. 8Those who are relatively wealthy will be able to carry out every burial rite with the assistance of a burial specialist. Watson explains that, The ethnographic evidence suggests that, among the Cantonese, there is a hierarchy of specialists ranked according to the relative exposure to the pollution of death. This hierarchy also reflects the standards of skill, training, and literacy required to carry out ritual tasks (Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China. 109) The highest ranking specialist is the Geomancer (a person who has the ability to foretell the future by using signs from the earth) whose work demands high levels of ski ll and literacy. Next in line are priests who receive their knowledge through years of apprenticeship. Priests are moderately literate in order to perform mortuary rites.Those who rank below priests are usually illiterate, mainly because their line of work usually does not require any reading or skill. These specialists range from pipers, nuns, musicians, and overall helpers. There are also helpers who rank even lower than those below priests and these are the corpse handlers. Corpse handlers tasks involve slipstream the corpse, dressing the corpse and arranging the corpse in the coffin, and finally carrying the coffin to its burial ground, digging the grave, and disposing items that are directly associated with the corpse 9. Corpse handlers are of the lowest ranking ritual specialists because they are deemed as passing polluted by death and are set apart from the other specialists.8. Watson, James L. Death Rituals in Late Imperial and Modern China (12-15)9. Watson, James L. Funer al Specialists in Cantonese Society Pollution, Performance, and Social Hierarchy Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China (109-110)Along with the ritual sequence come the many names for death. Asexplained before, the earliest concept of death was characterized as a person kneeling before his ancestors bones. The deaths of people of different ranks in society are characterized differently from one another. The death of sovereign is called beng ,which comes from the sound of a large building collapsing. The death of a prince is called hong (the sound of something breaking), a government ministers death is called cu (the end), and that of an official is called bu lu (meaning ending the consumption of emolument), however, the death of a common person is less extravagantsi simply means to eliminate. Just like the many characters there are for the people who pass away, there are many characters for the ways people can die, for example, death from old age is called shou zhong which translates to the termination of longevity, which death patch young is called yao which means breaking in mid-journey. 10With the different ways they have to describe death in one or two words, it is hard not to notice that the Chinese are very much interested in the process of death. In China, the spring time is time for purification and regeneration. The Spring Festival is held every spring and it is very important to the comfort of the dead. During the festival, descendants will visit grave of their ancestors to honorand care for the burial ground and body it incases. Prayers and sacrifices are made to the dead during that time and the act of saluting the tomb is practiced.10. Text adapted from To the Yellow Springs The Chinese View of Death by T.C. Lai. Hong Kong Joint produce Co. and Kelly & Walsh. (1983) (Text 18)Saluting the tomb is an act where red-colored rice and peeled eggs, which are symbolic of the saying old gives way to the new, are placed on top of the burial gro und. November is the month that harbors Ghost Day celebrations. Ghost day is a special day where people burn paper money asofferings to their ancestors. Another day of celebration is the Winter Dress Festival where paper clothes and such are burned for their ancestors, again this holiday is celebrated in October and November 11.These celebrations do not directly pertain to spirits who are in a state of unrest. In China a ghost, a male ghost is called kuei while the effeminate is called yao, is a spirit whose death was either very unusual or very violent poisonous act. The Chinese are extremely superstitious. It is said that ghosts linger relatively close to the location of their death. For example, Ghosts of thieves would sometimes be seen close to the area of their execution. Another common superstition (one that was also taught to me) was that if a pregnant woman were to crack past a spot where a person has died, that spirit would attempt to expel the childs soul and replace it with its own to be reborn 12. Anniversary ghosts also exist in Chinese culture. Anniversary ghosts are essentially ghosts who appear on the anniversary of their death to re-enact the scene. The only way this can be stopped is if someone dies in its place on that same day, the same way, in the same spot so that the soul that is trapped and doomed to repeat its painful death will be released.Unfortunately, the person who has died in their place will be doomed to repeat his11. Jones, Constance The Complete Book of Death and Dying (135)12. Jones, Constance The Complete Book of Death and Dying (129)or her death, unless a specialist performs a ritual to set the spirit free.One can already tell that the Chinese have great respect for the dead and their ancestors. Chinese attitudes and beliefs about death are influenced by Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism 13.If one does not know life,how can he begin to know death.Confucius (Fig. 1)The Chinese honors the dead regularly by presenting offer ings and prayers since they believe that these practices push forth the sense that death occurs all the time and that it should be accepted into daily life.13. Jones, Constance R.I.P. The Complete Book of Death and Dying (12)14. Figure 1 is from T.C. Lai To The Yellow Springs (14)NOTE Blank Spaces are for images taken from books. Be sure to add corresponding images to this essay.